نقش پیش‌بینی کننده‌ی اضطراب کرونا بر تعارضات زناشویی و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
مهدیه اکبری
محمود آزادی
جعفر طالبیان شریف
محمود آزادی
جعفر طالبیان شریف
چکیده
مقدمه: سیاست‌‌های وضع شده برای کنترل ویروس کرونا، میتواند سبب بروز اضطراب کرونا شود. اضطراب کرونا میتواند بر همه‌ی سطوح زندگی افراد تأثیر بگذارد. هدف از پژوهش حاضر، بررسی نقش اضطراب کرونا بر تعارضات زناشویی و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی زوجین شهر مشهد می‌باشد.
شیوه‌ی مطالعه: این مطالعه‌ی مقطعی از نوع همبستگی است. جامعه‌ی آماری پژوهش شامل کلیه‌ی زوجین شهر مشهد بودند که بر اساس قاعده‌ی Green (1991)، تعداد 150 نفر به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. در این پژوهش از پرسش‌نامه‌های اضطراب کرونا علی‌پور و همکاران (1398)، تعارضات زناشویی ثنایی ذاکر (۱۳۸۷) و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی Rief (1989) برای جمع‌آوری داده‌ها استفاده شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از روش همبستگی Pearson و تحلیل رگرسیون مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفتند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تحلیل همبستگی Pearson نشان داد که بین اضطراب کرونا و تعارضات زناشویی، رابطه‌ی مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود دارد. همچنین بین اضطراب کرونا و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی، رابطه‌ی منفی و معنی‌داری می‌باشد. نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که اضطراب کرونا میتواند 11/1 درصد واریانس‌های مربوط به تعارضات زناشویی را در زوجین مشهد را به طور معنی‌داری پیش‌بینی کند. همچنین نتایج رگرسیون نشان داد که اضطراب کرونا میتواند 4 درصد واریانس‌های مربوط به بهزیستی روان‌شناختی را در زوجین مشهد را به طور معنی‌داری پیش‌بینی کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که اضطراب کرونا نقش مهمی در پیش‌بینی تعارضات زناشویی و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی دارند.
کلمات کلیدی: اضطراب کرونا؛ تعارضات زناشویی؛ بهزیستی روان‌شناختی
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
استناد به مقاله
اکبریم., آزادیم., & طالبیان شریفج. (2023). نقش پیش‌بینی کننده‌ی اضطراب کرونا بر تعارضات زناشویی و بهزیستی روان‌شناختی. مجله دانشکده پزشکی زابل, 8-18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18502/jzms.v6i1.13600
نوع مقاله
مقاله پژوهشی
مراجع
1. Dunton GF, Do B, Wang SD. Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity and sedentary behavior in children living in the US. BMC Public Health 2020; 20(1): 1351.
2. Gostin LO, Wiley LF. Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Stay-at-home orders, business closures, and travel restrictions. JAMA 2020; 323(21): 2137-8.
3. Wheaton MG, Abramowitz JS, Berman NC, Fabricant LE, Olatunji BO. Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (Swine Flu) pandemic. Cogn Ther Res 2012; 36(3): 210-8.
4. Yip PS, Cheung YT, Chau PH, Law YW. The impact of epidemic outbreak: the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and suicide among older adults in Hong Kong. Crisis 2010; 31(2): 86-92.
5. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res 2020; 287: 112934.
6. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; 323(13): 1239-42.
7. Dong XY, Wang L, Tao YX, Suo XL, Li YC, Liu F, et al. Psychometric properties of the Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease in patients with COPD in China. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 12: 49-58.
8. Nishiura H, Jung SM, Linton NM, Kinoshita R, Yang Y, Hayashi K, et al. The extent of transmission of novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020. J Clin Med 2020; 9(2): 330.
9. Al-Rabiaah A, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Hasan GM, Al-Zamil F, Al-Subaie S, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13(5): 687-91.
10. Szcześniak M, Strochalska K. Temperament and sense of coherence: emotional intelligence as a Mediator. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(1): 219.
11. Taylor S, Landry CA, Paluszek MM, Fergus TA, McKay D, Asmundson GJ. Development and initial validation of the COVID stress scales. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 72: 102232.
12. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51: 101990.
13. Taylor S. The psychology of pandemics. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18: 581-609.
14. Farahti M. Psychological consequences of the
spread of the corona virus in society [in Persian]. Soc Impact Assess Q 2019; 1(2): 207-25.
15. Bo HX, Li W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychol Med 2021; 51(6): 1052-3.
16. Birkley EL, Eckhardt CI, Dykstra RE. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, intimate partner violence, and relationship functioning: A meta-analytic review. J Trauma Stress 2016; 29(5): 397-405.
17. Lavi I, Fladeboe K, King K, Kawamura J, Friedman D, Compas B, et al. Stress and marital adjustment in families of children with cancer. Psychooncology 2018; 27(4): 1244-50.
18. Timmons AC, Arbel R, Margolin G. Daily patterns of stress and conflict in couples: Associations with marital aggression and family-of-origin aggression. J Fam Psychol 2017; 31(1): 93-104.
19. Steeger CM, Cook EC, Connell CM. The interactive effects of stressful family life events and cortisol reactivity on adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48(2): 225-34.
20. Rezapour R, Zakeri MM, Ebrahimi L. Prediction of Narcissism, perception of social interactions and marital conflicts based on the use of social networks [in Persian]. J Fam Res 2017; 13(50): 197-214.
21. Ghazanfari R, Alipour A, Amirpour A. The influence of lifestyle and irrational beliefs on marital conflicts [in Persian]. Proceeding of the Second National Conference on Social Harms; 09 Oct 2017; Ardabil, Iran.
22. Ghazavi Z, Zeighami R, Sarichello ME, Shahsavari S. The effects of educating cognitive emotion regulation strategies on psychological well-being of nurses resiliency in departments of psychiatry [in Persian]. IJPN 2019; 7(4): 64-73.
23. Mohammadpour S, Jooshanlou M. The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder with psychological well-being in students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in 2014: The mediating role of passionate obsessive love [in Persian]. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2015; 14(5): 353-66.
24. Hatefnia F, Dortaj F, Alipour A, Farrokhi NA. The effect of academic procrastination on psychological well-being:the mediating role of floating, positive-negative emotions and life satisfaction [in Persian]. Soc Psychol Res 2019; 9(33): 53-76.
25. Sehati Yazdi A, Talebian Sharif J. The relationship between Internet addiction and mental disorders (anxiety, stress and depression) and psychological well-being [in Persian]. J Mod Ideas Psychol 2019; 2(6): 1-9.
26. Green SB. How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behav Res 1991; 26(3): 499-510.
27. Alipour A, Ghadami A, Alipour Z, Abdollahzadeh H. Preliminary validation of the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in the Iranian sample [in Persian]. Q J Health Psychol 2020; 8(32): 163-75.
28. Sanai B, Barati T. Family and marriage measurement scale [in Persian]. Tehran, Iran: Besat; 2008.
29. Sanai B, Alagband S, Falahati S, Hooman A. Family and marriage scales [in Persian]. 3rd ed. Tehran, Iran: Ba'ath Publications; 2017.
30. Khazai M. Examining the relationship between communication patterns and marital conflicts of Tehran University students [in Persian]. [Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Khatam University; 2006.
31. Dehghan F. Comparison of marital conflicts of women applying for divorce with women referring for marriage counseling [in Persian]. [MSc Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Tarbiat Moalem University; 2008.
32. Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? Exploration on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989; 57: 1069-81.
33. Ryff CD, Singer BH. Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Soc Sci Res 2006; 35(4); 1103-19.
34. Khanjani M, Shahidi S, Fathabadi J, Mazaheri MA, Shokri O. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students [in Persian]. JTBCP 2014; 9(32): 27-36.
35. Jashanzadeh A. The predictive role of corona anxiety on marital conflicts and emotional divorce in athletes referring to clubs and swimming pools [in Persian]. Proceeding of the Fourth National Conference of Sports Sciences, Physical Education and Social Health; 2021; Tehran, Iran.
36. Mohammadi, A. Examining the role of corona anxiety in predicting marital conflicts of chemistry teachers in Mashhad [in Persian]. Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on Islamic Sciences, Religious Studies and Law; 12 April 2022; Tehran, Iran.
37. Akbar al-Sadat L. Investigating the effect of corona anxiety on the psychological well-being and emotional well-being of secondary school girls in the 2nd district of Isfahan [in Persian]. [MSc Thesis]. Isfahan, Iran: Payam Noor University; 2021.
38. Khodavardizadeh, H. Investigating the relationship between Corona anxiety with aspects of lifestyle and psychological well-being in Shirvan Azad University students [in Persian]. [MSc Thesis]. Quchan, Iran: Hakim Nizami Institute of Higher Education; 2021.
39. Khoran, F. The relationship between anxiety and depression and marital conflicts [in Persian]. Proceeding of the 5th National Conference on Law, Social and Human Sciences, Psychology and Counseling; 18 May 2021; Shirvan, Iran.
40. Fallahiyeh S. Predicting anxiety caused by the spread of coronavirus based on Zuckerman-Koleman personality traits, psychological well-being and attachment styles [in Persian]. J New Adv Behav Sci 2022; 7(55): 13-28.
41. Najari M, Bibak F, Khadranjad A, Khadranjad A, Ghader Dost Z. Corona virus anxiety in teachers: the predictive role of psychological well-being and quality of life (case study: Bukan city) [in Persian]. J New Adv Behav Sci 2021; 6(54): 535-44.
42. Mohammadbeigi S, Sadeghi Z. Examining the role of anxiety of corona disease and fear of childbirth in predicting the psychological well-being of pregnant women [in Persian]. Proceeding of the Second National Congress of Family Psychology Associationof Iran: Family in Our Age; 09 Mar 2019; Ahvaz, Iran.
43. Yuksel B, Ozgor F. Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 150(1): 98-102.
44. Da Silva AF, Estrela FM, Soares CF, Magalhães JR, Lima NS, Morais AC, et al. Marital violence precipitating/intensifying elements during the Covid-19 pandemic. Cien Saude Colet 2020; 25(9): 3475-80.
45. Trougakos JP, Chawla N, McCarthy JM. Working in a pandemic: Exploring the impact of COVID-19 health anxiety on work, family, and health outcomes. J Appl Psychol 2020; 105(11): 1234-45.
46. Kaukinen C. When stay-at-home orders leave victims unsafe at home: Exploring the risk and consequences of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Crim Justice 2020; 45(4): 668-79.
47. Birkley EL, Eckhardt CI, Dykstra RE. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, intimate partner violence, and relationship functioning: A meta‐analytic review. J Trauma Stress 2016; 29(5): 397-405.
48. Eidi A, Delam H. Internet addiction is likely to increase in home quarantine caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). J Health Sci Surveill Syst 2020; 8(3): 142-3.
49. Freire C, Ferradás MD, Valle A, Núñez JC, Vallejo G. Profiles of psychological well-being and coping strategies among university students. Front Psychol 2016; 7: 1554.
50. Moe K. Factors influencing women's psychological well-being within a positive functioning framework. [Thesis]. Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky; 2012.
51. Huppert FA. Psychological well‐being: Evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being 2009; 1(2): 137-64.
52. Sheivandi K, Hasanvand F. Developing a model for the psychological consequences of corona epidemic anxiety and studying the mediating role of spiritual health [in Persian]. Culture Counseling 2020; 11(42): 1-36.
53. Chung JE, Song G, Kim K, Yee J, Kim JH, Lee KE, et al. Association between anxiety and aggression in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19(1): 1-9.
54. Fathi A, Sadeghi S, Maleki Rad AA, Rostami H, Abdolmohammadi K. Effect of health-promoting lifestyle and psychological well-being on anxiety induced by coronavirus disease 2019 in non-medical students. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2020; 23(5): 698-709.
55. Dong L, Bouey J. Public mental health crisis during COVID-19 pandemic, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26(7): 1616-8.
56. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395(10227): 912-20.
57. Schoch-Spana M. COVID-19's psychosocial impacts: The pandemic is putting enormous stress on all of us but especially on health care workers and other specific groups. [Online]. [cited 20 March 2020]. Available from: URL: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/covid-19s-psychosocial-impact
2. Gostin LO, Wiley LF. Governmental public health powers during the COVID-19 pandemic: Stay-at-home orders, business closures, and travel restrictions. JAMA 2020; 323(21): 2137-8.
3. Wheaton MG, Abramowitz JS, Berman NC, Fabricant LE, Olatunji BO. Psychological predictors of anxiety in response to the H1N1 (Swine Flu) pandemic. Cogn Ther Res 2012; 36(3): 210-8.
4. Yip PS, Cheung YT, Chau PH, Law YW. The impact of epidemic outbreak: the case of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and suicide among older adults in Hong Kong. Crisis 2010; 31(2): 86-92.
5. Cao W, Fang Z, Hou G, Han M, Xu X, Dong J, et al. The psychological impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on college students in China. Psychiatry Res 2020; 287: 112934.
6. Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. JAMA 2020; 323(13): 1239-42.
7. Dong XY, Wang L, Tao YX, Suo XL, Li YC, Liu F, et al. Psychometric properties of the Anxiety Inventory for Respiratory Disease in patients with COPD in China. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis 2016; 12: 49-58.
8. Nishiura H, Jung SM, Linton NM, Kinoshita R, Yang Y, Hayashi K, et al. The extent of transmission of novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China, 2020. J Clin Med 2020; 9(2): 330.
9. Al-Rabiaah A, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Hasan GM, Al-Zamil F, Al-Subaie S, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2020; 13(5): 687-91.
10. Szcześniak M, Strochalska K. Temperament and sense of coherence: emotional intelligence as a Mediator. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17(1): 219.
11. Taylor S, Landry CA, Paluszek MM, Fergus TA, McKay D, Asmundson GJ. Development and initial validation of the COVID stress scales. J Anxiety Disord 2020; 72: 102232.
12. Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 51: 101990.
13. Taylor S. The psychology of pandemics. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2022; 18: 581-609.
14. Farahti M. Psychological consequences of the
spread of the corona virus in society [in Persian]. Soc Impact Assess Q 2019; 1(2): 207-25.
15. Bo HX, Li W, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Cheung T, et al. Posttraumatic stress symptoms and attitude toward crisis mental health services among clinically stable patients with COVID-19 in China. Psychol Med 2021; 51(6): 1052-3.
16. Birkley EL, Eckhardt CI, Dykstra RE. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, intimate partner violence, and relationship functioning: A meta-analytic review. J Trauma Stress 2016; 29(5): 397-405.
17. Lavi I, Fladeboe K, King K, Kawamura J, Friedman D, Compas B, et al. Stress and marital adjustment in families of children with cancer. Psychooncology 2018; 27(4): 1244-50.
18. Timmons AC, Arbel R, Margolin G. Daily patterns of stress and conflict in couples: Associations with marital aggression and family-of-origin aggression. J Fam Psychol 2017; 31(1): 93-104.
19. Steeger CM, Cook EC, Connell CM. The interactive effects of stressful family life events and cortisol reactivity on adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2017; 48(2): 225-34.
20. Rezapour R, Zakeri MM, Ebrahimi L. Prediction of Narcissism, perception of social interactions and marital conflicts based on the use of social networks [in Persian]. J Fam Res 2017; 13(50): 197-214.
21. Ghazanfari R, Alipour A, Amirpour A. The influence of lifestyle and irrational beliefs on marital conflicts [in Persian]. Proceeding of the Second National Conference on Social Harms; 09 Oct 2017; Ardabil, Iran.
22. Ghazavi Z, Zeighami R, Sarichello ME, Shahsavari S. The effects of educating cognitive emotion regulation strategies on psychological well-being of nurses resiliency in departments of psychiatry [in Persian]. IJPN 2019; 7(4): 64-73.
23. Mohammadpour S, Jooshanlou M. The relationship between generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder with psychological well-being in students of Lorestan University of Medical Sciences in 2014: The mediating role of passionate obsessive love [in Persian]. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2015; 14(5): 353-66.
24. Hatefnia F, Dortaj F, Alipour A, Farrokhi NA. The effect of academic procrastination on psychological well-being:the mediating role of floating, positive-negative emotions and life satisfaction [in Persian]. Soc Psychol Res 2019; 9(33): 53-76.
25. Sehati Yazdi A, Talebian Sharif J. The relationship between Internet addiction and mental disorders (anxiety, stress and depression) and psychological well-being [in Persian]. J Mod Ideas Psychol 2019; 2(6): 1-9.
26. Green SB. How many subjects does it take to do a regression analysis. Multivariate Behav Res 1991; 26(3): 499-510.
27. Alipour A, Ghadami A, Alipour Z, Abdollahzadeh H. Preliminary validation of the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in the Iranian sample [in Persian]. Q J Health Psychol 2020; 8(32): 163-75.
28. Sanai B, Barati T. Family and marriage measurement scale [in Persian]. Tehran, Iran: Besat; 2008.
29. Sanai B, Alagband S, Falahati S, Hooman A. Family and marriage scales [in Persian]. 3rd ed. Tehran, Iran: Ba'ath Publications; 2017.
30. Khazai M. Examining the relationship between communication patterns and marital conflicts of Tehran University students [in Persian]. [Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Khatam University; 2006.
31. Dehghan F. Comparison of marital conflicts of women applying for divorce with women referring for marriage counseling [in Persian]. [MSc Thesis]. Tehran, Iran: Tarbiat Moalem University; 2008.
32. Ryff CD. Happiness is everything, or is it? Exploration on the meaning of psychological wellbeing. J Pers Soc Psychol 1989; 57: 1069-81.
33. Ryff CD, Singer BH. Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Soc Sci Res 2006; 35(4); 1103-19.
34. Khanjani M, Shahidi S, Fathabadi J, Mazaheri MA, Shokri O. Factor structure and psychometric properties of the Ryff’s scale of Psychological well-being, short form (18-item) among male and female students [in Persian]. JTBCP 2014; 9(32): 27-36.
35. Jashanzadeh A. The predictive role of corona anxiety on marital conflicts and emotional divorce in athletes referring to clubs and swimming pools [in Persian]. Proceeding of the Fourth National Conference of Sports Sciences, Physical Education and Social Health; 2021; Tehran, Iran.
36. Mohammadi, A. Examining the role of corona anxiety in predicting marital conflicts of chemistry teachers in Mashhad [in Persian]. Proceeding of the 6th International Conference on Islamic Sciences, Religious Studies and Law; 12 April 2022; Tehran, Iran.
37. Akbar al-Sadat L. Investigating the effect of corona anxiety on the psychological well-being and emotional well-being of secondary school girls in the 2nd district of Isfahan [in Persian]. [MSc Thesis]. Isfahan, Iran: Payam Noor University; 2021.
38. Khodavardizadeh, H. Investigating the relationship between Corona anxiety with aspects of lifestyle and psychological well-being in Shirvan Azad University students [in Persian]. [MSc Thesis]. Quchan, Iran: Hakim Nizami Institute of Higher Education; 2021.
39. Khoran, F. The relationship between anxiety and depression and marital conflicts [in Persian]. Proceeding of the 5th National Conference on Law, Social and Human Sciences, Psychology and Counseling; 18 May 2021; Shirvan, Iran.
40. Fallahiyeh S. Predicting anxiety caused by the spread of coronavirus based on Zuckerman-Koleman personality traits, psychological well-being and attachment styles [in Persian]. J New Adv Behav Sci 2022; 7(55): 13-28.
41. Najari M, Bibak F, Khadranjad A, Khadranjad A, Ghader Dost Z. Corona virus anxiety in teachers: the predictive role of psychological well-being and quality of life (case study: Bukan city) [in Persian]. J New Adv Behav Sci 2021; 6(54): 535-44.
42. Mohammadbeigi S, Sadeghi Z. Examining the role of anxiety of corona disease and fear of childbirth in predicting the psychological well-being of pregnant women [in Persian]. Proceeding of the Second National Congress of Family Psychology Associationof Iran: Family in Our Age; 09 Mar 2019; Ahvaz, Iran.
43. Yuksel B, Ozgor F. Effect of the COVID‐19 pandemic on female sexual behavior. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 150(1): 98-102.
44. Da Silva AF, Estrela FM, Soares CF, Magalhães JR, Lima NS, Morais AC, et al. Marital violence precipitating/intensifying elements during the Covid-19 pandemic. Cien Saude Colet 2020; 25(9): 3475-80.
45. Trougakos JP, Chawla N, McCarthy JM. Working in a pandemic: Exploring the impact of COVID-19 health anxiety on work, family, and health outcomes. J Appl Psychol 2020; 105(11): 1234-45.
46. Kaukinen C. When stay-at-home orders leave victims unsafe at home: Exploring the risk and consequences of intimate partner violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Crim Justice 2020; 45(4): 668-79.
47. Birkley EL, Eckhardt CI, Dykstra RE. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, intimate partner violence, and relationship functioning: A meta‐analytic review. J Trauma Stress 2016; 29(5): 397-405.
48. Eidi A, Delam H. Internet addiction is likely to increase in home quarantine caused by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19). J Health Sci Surveill Syst 2020; 8(3): 142-3.
49. Freire C, Ferradás MD, Valle A, Núñez JC, Vallejo G. Profiles of psychological well-being and coping strategies among university students. Front Psychol 2016; 7: 1554.
50. Moe K. Factors influencing women's psychological well-being within a positive functioning framework. [Thesis]. Lexington, Kentucky: University of Kentucky; 2012.
51. Huppert FA. Psychological well‐being: Evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Appl Psychol Health Well-Being 2009; 1(2): 137-64.
52. Sheivandi K, Hasanvand F. Developing a model for the psychological consequences of corona epidemic anxiety and studying the mediating role of spiritual health [in Persian]. Culture Counseling 2020; 11(42): 1-36.
53. Chung JE, Song G, Kim K, Yee J, Kim JH, Lee KE, et al. Association between anxiety and aggression in adolescents: A cross-sectional study. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19(1): 1-9.
54. Fathi A, Sadeghi S, Maleki Rad AA, Rostami H, Abdolmohammadi K. Effect of health-promoting lifestyle and psychological well-being on anxiety induced by coronavirus disease 2019 in non-medical students. J Arak Uni Med Sci 2020; 23(5): 698-709.
55. Dong L, Bouey J. Public mental health crisis during COVID-19 pandemic, China. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26(7): 1616-8.
56. Brooks SK, Webster RK, Smith LE, Woodland L, Wessely S, Greenberg N, et al. The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: rapid review of the evidence. Lancet 2020; 395(10227): 912-20.
57. Schoch-Spana M. COVID-19's psychosocial impacts: The pandemic is putting enormous stress on all of us but especially on health care workers and other specific groups. [Online]. [cited 20 March 2020]. Available from: URL: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/covid-19s-psychosocial-impact