بررسی عوامل موثر بر شیوع آلودگی به شپش سر (Pediculosis capitis) و ارزشیابی اثر درمانی شامپوی پرمترین و لوسیون دایمتیکون بر روی آن در دانش آموزان مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه دورود
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
سمیه باریک آبی
بهروز داوری
حسن نصیریان
بهروز داوری
حسن نصیریان
چکیده
مقدمه: شپش سر، یک آلودگی انگلی در سراسر جهان بوده که سلامت جامعه را تهدید می‌کند. دانش‌آموزان مقطع ابتدایی، بیشتر از سایر گروه‌های اجتماعی در معرض این آلودگی هستند. به دلیل بی‌توجهی دانش‌آموزان به رعایت بهداشت فردی و حضور در مکان‌های پرجمعیت مانند مدارس، بیشتر در معرض ابتلا به شپش سر هستند. بنابراین بررسی این آلودگی انگلی در بین دانش‌آموزان یک اولویت بهداشتی محسوب می‌شود. اين مطالعه با هدف تعيين شیوع و عوامل مؤثر بر آلودگي به شپش سر و تعیین اثر شامپوی پرمترین 1 درصد و لوسیون دایمکیتون 4 درصد در درمان دانش‌آموزان مدارس ابتدايي دخترانه شهرستان دورود انجام شد.
شیوه‌ی مطالعه: پژوهش حاضر در دو فاز مشاهده‌ای (مقطعی) و مداخله‌ای (کارآزمایی بالینی) انجام شد. پنج مدرسه از پنج منطقه‌ی جغرافیایی برای نمونه‌گیری انتخاب شد و سایر اطلاعات بر اساس پرونده‌ی دانش‌آموزان و یا پرسش از آنان گردآوری شد. 80 دانش‌آموز مبتلا به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه تقسیم شدند و یکی از دو داروی مورد نظر را دریافت کردند. نتیجه‌ی اثر مداخله در روزهای 7 و 14 بررسی شد.
یافته‌ها: شیوع آلودگی به شپش سر 10/5 درصد بود. از میان عوامل اپیدمیولوژیک، تحصیلات پدر و تعداد دفعات استحمام در هفته، تأثیر معناداری بر ابتلا آلودگی به شپش سر نشان دادند (0/05 > p value). نتیجه‌ی درمان در روز هفتم میان دو گروه یکسان بود. تیمار با لوسیون دایمتیکون در هفته‌ی دوم (0/025 = p value) و در مجموع دو هفته (0/006 = p value) در حذف شپش سر مؤثرتر از شامپوی پرمترین واقع شد.
نتيجه‌گيري: شیوع شپش سر در میان دانش‌آموزان دختری که پدرانشان از تحصیلات کمتر برخوردار هستند و تعداد دفعات کمتری از حمام استفاده می‌کنند، بیشتر است. بنابراین لازم است با آموزش همگانی بهداشت در میان خانواده‌ها با این آلودگی مقابله کرد. به علاوه لوسیون دایمتیکون داروی مؤثرتری نسبت به شامپوی پرمترین در حذف این انگل خارجی محسوب گردید.
کلمات کلیدی: آلودگی به شپش سر، شپش سر، دانش‌آموز، پرمترین، دایمتیکون، دورود
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
استناد به مقاله
باریک آبیس., داوریب., & نصیریانح. (2022). بررسی عوامل موثر بر شیوع آلودگی به شپش سر (Pediculosis capitis) و ارزشیابی اثر درمانی شامپوی پرمترین و لوسیون دایمتیکون بر روی آن در دانش آموزان مدارس ابتدایی دخترانه دورود. مجله دانشکده پزشکی زابل, 15-23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.18502/jzms.v5i1.10320
نوع مقاله
مقاله پژوهشی
مراجع
1. Poudat A, Nasirian H. Prevalence of pediculosis and scabies in the prisoners of Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan province, Iran. Pak J Biol Sci 2007; 10(21): 3967-9.
2. Nasirian H, Sadeghi SMT, Vazirianzadeh B, Moosa-Kazemi SH. New record of Aedes vittatus and Culiseta subochrea (Diptera: Culicidae) and their distribution from Shadegan Wetland, South Western Iran. J Entomol Zool Stud 2014; 2(5): 271-5.
3. Nasirian H, Vazirianzadeh B, Taghi Sadeghi SM, Nazmara S. Culiseta subochrea as a bioindicator of metal contamination in Shadegan International Wetland, Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). J Insect Sci 2014; 14: 258.
4. Shayeghi M, Piazak N, Gollampuor A, Nasirian H, Abolhassani M. Tick-borne relapsing fever in Sabzevar (Khorasan Razavy province), North-Eastern Iran. Bangladesh J Medical Sci 2016; 15(15): 551-5.
5. Davari B, Nazari Alam F, Nasirian H, Nazari M, Abdigoudarzi M, Salehzadeh A. Seasonal distribution and faunistic of ticks in the Alashtar county (Lorestan Province), Iran. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 27: 284.
6. Nasirian H. Contamination of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) to medically fungi: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Mycol Med 2017; 27(4): 427-48.
7. Nasirian H. Contamination of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) by medically important bacteriae: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Entomol 2019; 56(6): 1534-54.
8. Nasirian H. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) seroprevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2019; 196: 102-20.
9. Nasirian H. Recent cockroach bacterial contamination trend in the human dwelling environments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bangladesh J Medical Sci 2019; 18(3): 540-5.
10. Nasirian H, Salehzadeh A. Control of cockroaches (Blattaria) in sewers: a practical approach systematic review. J Med Entomol 2019; 56(1): 181-91.
11. Nasirian H. New aspects about Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) cases and associated fatality trends: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 69: 101429.
12. Kakeh-Khani A, Nazari M, Nasirian H. Insecticide resistance studies on German cockroach (Blattella germanica) strains to malathion, propoxur and lambdacyhalothrin. Chula Med J 2020; 64(4): 357-65.
13. Nasirian H, Zahirnia A. Detailed infestation spectrums about biological stages of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66(3): 770-96.
14. Kassiri H, Nasirian H. New insights about human tick infestation features: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28(4): 17000-28.
15. Nasirian H, Saghafipour A. Efficacy of several insecticide formulations against Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattaria: Blattidae) in sewers. Bangladesh J Medical Sci 2021; 20: 569-85.
16. Tavakoli MM, Davari B, Nasirian H, Salehzadeh A, Moradkhani S, Zahirnia AH. Investigation of insecticidal properties of Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils against German cockroach in laboratory. Feyz 2021; 25(3): 994-1002. [In Persian].
17. Salavati B, Zahirnia A, Nasirian H, Azari-Hamidian S. Trend of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) monthly distribution in Sanandaj County of Iran. Biodiversitas 2021; 22(11): 4705-15.
18. Nasirian H. Detailed new insights about tick infestations in domestic ruminant groups: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Parasit Dis 2022.
19. Zahirnia A, Aminpoor MA, Nasirian H. The impact and trend of factors affecting the prevalence of head lice (Pediculus capitis) infestation in primary school students. Chula Med J 2021; 65(4): 359-68.
20. Hajiloie T, Zahirnia AH, Nasirian H, Davari B. Prevalence of head lice infestation and its associated factors among female primary school students in Gahavand County and compared with the previous studies. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2022. [In Press]. [In Persian].
21. Falagas ME, Matthaiou DK, Rafailidis PI, Panos G, Pappas G. Worldwide prevalence of head lice. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14(9): 1493-4.
22. Moosazadeh M, Afshari M, Keianian H, Nezammahalleh A, Enayati AA. Prevalence of head lice infestation and its associated factors among primary school students in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015; (6): 346-56.
23. Motevalli-Haghi SF, Rafinejad J, Hosseni M, Yazdani-Charati J, Parsi B. Prevalence pediculosis and associated risk factors in primary-school children of Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2012-2013. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2014; 23(110): 82-91. [In Persian].
24. Motevalli-Haghi S, Rafinejad J, Hosseni M. Epidemiology of pediculosis and its associated risk factors in primary-school children of Sari, Mazandaran Province, in 2012-2013. Journal of Health 2014; 4(4): 339-348. [In Persian].
25. Alborzi M, Shekarriz-Foumani R, Moin-Vaziri V. The prevalence of Pediculus capitis among primary schools of Shahriar county, Tehran province, Iran, 2014. NBM 2016; 4(1): 24-7.
26. Ghandali F, Kheradpir N, Yousefi Siahkalroodi S. Distribution of head lice Pediculus humanus capitis infection in high school girls of eastern south of Tehran province. Journal of Animal Environment 2017; 9(2): 285-90. [In Persian].
27. Saghafipour A, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Vatandoost H, Mozaffari E, Rezaei F, KaramiJooshin M. Prevalence and risk factors associated with head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) among primary school girls in Qom province, Central Iran. Int J Pediatr 2018; 6(4): 7553-62.
28. Mohammadi ME, Motevalli-Haghi SF, Rafinejad J, Yazdani-Charati J, Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Dehghan O. Prevalence of pediculosis and associated risk factors among elementary school females in Mashhad, Iran, during 2017-2018. Arch Hyg Sci 2019; 8(4): 245-52.
29. Moradiasl E, Habibzadeh S, Rafinejad J, Abazari M, Ahari SS, Saghafipour A, et al. Risk factors associated with head lice (pediculosis) infestation among elementary school students in Meshkinshahr county, North West of Iran. Int J Pediatr 2018; 6(3): 7383-92.
30. Cummings C, Finlay JC, MacDonald NE. Head lice infestations: A clinical update. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 23(1): e18-e24.
31. Sun XP, Li J, Zhu WW, Li DB, Chen H, Li HW, et al. Impact of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio on clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Angiology 2017; 68(4): 346-53.
32. Durand R, Bouvresse S, Berdjane Z, Izri A, Chosidow O, Clark JM. Insecticide resistance in head lice: clinical, parasitological and genetic aspects. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(4):
338-44.
33. Amirkhani M, Aminaei T, Ardalan G, Dashti M, Islami M, Jamali M. Guideline to prevention and treatment of lice infestation. Tehran, Iran: Seda Publishing Center; 2009. [In Persian].
34. Kassiri H, Gatifi A. The frequency of head lice, health practices and its associated factors in primary schools in Khorramshahr, Iran. Health Scope 2016; 5(4): e31570.
35. Tarkhasi M, Tazari S, Eghbali S, Hossein-Zadeh A, Rastaghi S, Naemi H. Head lice prevalence (descriptive-sectional study) in primary schools in Sabzevar (descriptive-cross sectional study). J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci 2018; 25(3): 287-96. [In Persian].
36. Vahabi A, Shemshad K, Sayyadi M, Biglarian A, Vahabi B, Sayyad S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of Pediculus (humanus) capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae), in primary schools in Sanandaj City, Kurdistan Province, Iran. Trop Biomed 2012; 29(2): 207-11.
37. Firoozfar F, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Bahrami A, Ahmed Yusuf M, Saghafipour A, Armoon Z, et al. Head lice infestation (Pediculus humanus capitis) prevalence and its associated factors, among the Kormanj tribes in North Khorasan Province. Shiraz E-Med J 2018; 20(4): e80292.
38. Koch E, Clark JM, Cohen B, Meinking TL, Ryan WG, Stevenson A, et al. Management of head louse infestations in the United States-A literature review. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33(5): 466-72.
39. Bohl B, Evetts J, McClain K, Rosenauer A,
Stellitano E. Clinical practice update: Pediculosis capitis. Pediatr Nurs 2015; 41(5): 227-34.
40. Rafinejad J, Nourollahi A, Biglarian A, Javadian E, Kazemnejad A, Doosti S. The comparison of the effect of permethrin shampoo and lindane lotion on the treatment of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) in the primary school pupils. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2011; 21(83): 35-41. [In Persian].
41. Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Jaberhashemi SA, Zare M, Sanei-Dehkordi A. Prevalence of head lice infestation and pediculicidal effect of permethrine shampoo in primary school girls in a low-income area in southeast of Iran. BMC Dermatol 2017; 17(1): 10.
42. Burgess IF. The mode of action of dimeticone 4% lotion against head lice, Pediculus capitis.
BMC Pharmacol 2009; 9:3.
43. Tashakori G, Dayer MS, Mashayekhi-Goyonlo V. Comparative efficacy of three Control protocols of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infesting schoolchildren in Mashhad City, Iran. Int J Pediatr 2018; 6(6): 7803-14.
44. Burgess IF, Brunton ER, Burgess NA. Single application of 4% dimeticone liquid gel versus two applications of 1% permethrin creme rinse for treatment of head louse infestation: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Dermatol 2013; 13: 5.
45. Kalari H, Soltani A, Azizi K, Faramarzi H, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Comparative efficacy of three pediculicides to treat head lice infestation in primary school girls: a randomised controlled assessor blind trial in rural Iran. BMC Dermatol 2019; 19: 13.
2. Nasirian H, Sadeghi SMT, Vazirianzadeh B, Moosa-Kazemi SH. New record of Aedes vittatus and Culiseta subochrea (Diptera: Culicidae) and their distribution from Shadegan Wetland, South Western Iran. J Entomol Zool Stud 2014; 2(5): 271-5.
3. Nasirian H, Vazirianzadeh B, Taghi Sadeghi SM, Nazmara S. Culiseta subochrea as a bioindicator of metal contamination in Shadegan International Wetland, Iran (Diptera: Culicidae). J Insect Sci 2014; 14: 258.
4. Shayeghi M, Piazak N, Gollampuor A, Nasirian H, Abolhassani M. Tick-borne relapsing fever in Sabzevar (Khorasan Razavy province), North-Eastern Iran. Bangladesh J Medical Sci 2016; 15(15): 551-5.
5. Davari B, Nazari Alam F, Nasirian H, Nazari M, Abdigoudarzi M, Salehzadeh A. Seasonal distribution and faunistic of ticks in the Alashtar county (Lorestan Province), Iran. Pan Afr Med J 2017; 27: 284.
6. Nasirian H. Contamination of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) to medically fungi: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Mycol Med 2017; 27(4): 427-48.
7. Nasirian H. Contamination of cockroaches (Insecta: Blattaria) by medically important bacteriae: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Med Entomol 2019; 56(6): 1534-54.
8. Nasirian H. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) seroprevalence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Trop 2019; 196: 102-20.
9. Nasirian H. Recent cockroach bacterial contamination trend in the human dwelling environments: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bangladesh J Medical Sci 2019; 18(3): 540-5.
10. Nasirian H, Salehzadeh A. Control of cockroaches (Blattaria) in sewers: a practical approach systematic review. J Med Entomol 2019; 56(1): 181-91.
11. Nasirian H. New aspects about Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) cases and associated fatality trends: A global systematic review and meta-analysis. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 69: 101429.
12. Kakeh-Khani A, Nazari M, Nasirian H. Insecticide resistance studies on German cockroach (Blattella germanica) strains to malathion, propoxur and lambdacyhalothrin. Chula Med J 2020; 64(4): 357-65.
13. Nasirian H, Zahirnia A. Detailed infestation spectrums about biological stages of hard ticks (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) in humans: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Parasitol 2021; 66(3): 770-96.
14. Kassiri H, Nasirian H. New insights about human tick infestation features: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28(4): 17000-28.
15. Nasirian H, Saghafipour A. Efficacy of several insecticide formulations against Periplaneta americana (L.) (Blattaria: Blattidae) in sewers. Bangladesh J Medical Sci 2021; 20: 569-85.
16. Tavakoli MM, Davari B, Nasirian H, Salehzadeh A, Moradkhani S, Zahirnia AH. Investigation of insecticidal properties of Rosmarinus officinalis and Lavandula angustifolia essential oils against German cockroach in laboratory. Feyz 2021; 25(3): 994-1002. [In Persian].
17. Salavati B, Zahirnia A, Nasirian H, Azari-Hamidian S. Trend of mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) monthly distribution in Sanandaj County of Iran. Biodiversitas 2021; 22(11): 4705-15.
18. Nasirian H. Detailed new insights about tick infestations in domestic ruminant groups: a global systematic review and meta-analysis. J Parasit Dis 2022.
19. Zahirnia A, Aminpoor MA, Nasirian H. The impact and trend of factors affecting the prevalence of head lice (Pediculus capitis) infestation in primary school students. Chula Med J 2021; 65(4): 359-68.
20. Hajiloie T, Zahirnia AH, Nasirian H, Davari B. Prevalence of head lice infestation and its associated factors among female primary school students in Gahavand County and compared with the previous studies. Qom Univ Med Sci J 2022. [In Press]. [In Persian].
21. Falagas ME, Matthaiou DK, Rafailidis PI, Panos G, Pappas G. Worldwide prevalence of head lice. Emerg Infect Dis 2008; 14(9): 1493-4.
22. Moosazadeh M, Afshari M, Keianian H, Nezammahalleh A, Enayati AA. Prevalence of head lice infestation and its associated factors among primary school students in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2015; (6): 346-56.
23. Motevalli-Haghi SF, Rafinejad J, Hosseni M, Yazdani-Charati J, Parsi B. Prevalence pediculosis and associated risk factors in primary-school children of Mazandaran Province, Iran, 2012-2013. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2014; 23(110): 82-91. [In Persian].
24. Motevalli-Haghi S, Rafinejad J, Hosseni M. Epidemiology of pediculosis and its associated risk factors in primary-school children of Sari, Mazandaran Province, in 2012-2013. Journal of Health 2014; 4(4): 339-348. [In Persian].
25. Alborzi M, Shekarriz-Foumani R, Moin-Vaziri V. The prevalence of Pediculus capitis among primary schools of Shahriar county, Tehran province, Iran, 2014. NBM 2016; 4(1): 24-7.
26. Ghandali F, Kheradpir N, Yousefi Siahkalroodi S. Distribution of head lice Pediculus humanus capitis infection in high school girls of eastern south of Tehran province. Journal of Animal Environment 2017; 9(2): 285-90. [In Persian].
27. Saghafipour A, Zahraei-Ramazani A, Vatandoost H, Mozaffari E, Rezaei F, KaramiJooshin M. Prevalence and risk factors associated with head louse (Pediculus humanus capitis) among primary school girls in Qom province, Central Iran. Int J Pediatr 2018; 6(4): 7553-62.
28. Mohammadi ME, Motevalli-Haghi SF, Rafinejad J, Yazdani-Charati J, Hosseini-Vasoukolaei N, Dehghan O. Prevalence of pediculosis and associated risk factors among elementary school females in Mashhad, Iran, during 2017-2018. Arch Hyg Sci 2019; 8(4): 245-52.
29. Moradiasl E, Habibzadeh S, Rafinejad J, Abazari M, Ahari SS, Saghafipour A, et al. Risk factors associated with head lice (pediculosis) infestation among elementary school students in Meshkinshahr county, North West of Iran. Int J Pediatr 2018; 6(3): 7383-92.
30. Cummings C, Finlay JC, MacDonald NE. Head lice infestations: A clinical update. Paediatr Child Health 2018; 23(1): e18-e24.
31. Sun XP, Li J, Zhu WW, Li DB, Chen H, Li HW, et al. Impact of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio on clinical outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Angiology 2017; 68(4): 346-53.
32. Durand R, Bouvresse S, Berdjane Z, Izri A, Chosidow O, Clark JM. Insecticide resistance in head lice: clinical, parasitological and genetic aspects. Clin Microbiol Infect 2012; 18(4):
338-44.
33. Amirkhani M, Aminaei T, Ardalan G, Dashti M, Islami M, Jamali M. Guideline to prevention and treatment of lice infestation. Tehran, Iran: Seda Publishing Center; 2009. [In Persian].
34. Kassiri H, Gatifi A. The frequency of head lice, health practices and its associated factors in primary schools in Khorramshahr, Iran. Health Scope 2016; 5(4): e31570.
35. Tarkhasi M, Tazari S, Eghbali S, Hossein-Zadeh A, Rastaghi S, Naemi H. Head lice prevalence (descriptive-sectional study) in primary schools in Sabzevar (descriptive-cross sectional study). J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci 2018; 25(3): 287-96. [In Persian].
36. Vahabi A, Shemshad K, Sayyadi M, Biglarian A, Vahabi B, Sayyad S, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of Pediculus (humanus) capitis (Anoplura: Pediculidae), in primary schools in Sanandaj City, Kurdistan Province, Iran. Trop Biomed 2012; 29(2): 207-11.
37. Firoozfar F, Moosa-Kazemi SH, Bahrami A, Ahmed Yusuf M, Saghafipour A, Armoon Z, et al. Head lice infestation (Pediculus humanus capitis) prevalence and its associated factors, among the Kormanj tribes in North Khorasan Province. Shiraz E-Med J 2018; 20(4): e80292.
38. Koch E, Clark JM, Cohen B, Meinking TL, Ryan WG, Stevenson A, et al. Management of head louse infestations in the United States-A literature review. Pediatr Dermatol 2016; 33(5): 466-72.
39. Bohl B, Evetts J, McClain K, Rosenauer A,
Stellitano E. Clinical practice update: Pediculosis capitis. Pediatr Nurs 2015; 41(5): 227-34.
40. Rafinejad J, Nourollahi A, Biglarian A, Javadian E, Kazemnejad A, Doosti S. The comparison of the effect of permethrin shampoo and lindane lotion on the treatment of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) in the primary school pupils. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2011; 21(83): 35-41. [In Persian].
41. Soleimani-Ahmadi M, Jaberhashemi SA, Zare M, Sanei-Dehkordi A. Prevalence of head lice infestation and pediculicidal effect of permethrine shampoo in primary school girls in a low-income area in southeast of Iran. BMC Dermatol 2017; 17(1): 10.
42. Burgess IF. The mode of action of dimeticone 4% lotion against head lice, Pediculus capitis.
BMC Pharmacol 2009; 9:3.
43. Tashakori G, Dayer MS, Mashayekhi-Goyonlo V. Comparative efficacy of three Control protocols of head lice (Pediculus humanus capitis) infesting schoolchildren in Mashhad City, Iran. Int J Pediatr 2018; 6(6): 7803-14.
44. Burgess IF, Brunton ER, Burgess NA. Single application of 4% dimeticone liquid gel versus two applications of 1% permethrin creme rinse for treatment of head louse infestation: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Dermatol 2013; 13: 5.
45. Kalari H, Soltani A, Azizi K, Faramarzi H, Moemenbellah-Fard MD. Comparative efficacy of three pediculicides to treat head lice infestation in primary school girls: a randomised controlled assessor blind trial in rural Iran. BMC Dermatol 2019; 19: 13.